2006-02-06 00:29:49 +01:00
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GIT URLS[[URLS]]
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
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address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
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Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
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absent.
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2012-10-08 19:26:53 +02:00
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Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
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transport: drop support for git-over-rsync
The git-over-rsync protocol is inefficient and broken, and
has been for a long time. It transfers way more objects than
it needs (grabbing all of the remote's "objects/",
regardless of which objects we need). It does its own ad-hoc
parsing of loose and packed refs from the remote, but
doesn't properly override packed refs with loose ones,
leading to garbage results (e.g., expecting the other side
to have an object pointed to by a stale packed-refs entry,
or complaining that the other side has two copies of the
refs[1]).
This latter breakage means that nobody could have
successfully pulled from a moderately active repository
since cd547b4 (fetch/push: readd rsync support, 2007-10-01).
We never made an official deprecation notice in the release
notes for git's rsync protocol, but the tutorial has marked
it as such since 914328a (Update tutorial., 2005-08-30).
And on the mailing list as far back as Oct 2005, we can find
Junio mentioning it as having "been deprecated for quite
some time."[2,3,4]. So it was old news then; cogito had
deprecated the transport in July of 2005[5] (though it did
come back briefly when Linus broke git-http-pull!).
Of course some people professed their love of rsync through
2006, but Linus clarified in his usual gentle manner[6]:
> Thanks! This is why I still use rsync, even though
> everybody and their mother tells me "Linus says rsync is
> deprecated."
No. You're using rsync because you're actively doing
something _wrong_.
The deprecation sentiment was reinforced in 2008, with a
mention that cloning via rsync is broken (with no fix)[7].
Even the commit porting rsync over to C from shell (cd547b4)
lists it as deprecated! So between the 10 years of informal
warnings, and the fact that it has been severely broken
since 2007, it's probably safe to simply remove it without
further deprecation warnings.
[1] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/285101
[2] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/10093
[3] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/17734
[4] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/18911
[5] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/5617
[6] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/19354
[7] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/103635
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2016-01-30 08:21:26 +01:00
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and ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and
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deprecated; do not use it).
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2012-10-08 19:26:53 +02:00
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2013-06-26 07:53:59 +02:00
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The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
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should be used with caution on unsecured networks.
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2012-10-08 19:26:53 +02:00
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The following syntaxes may be used with them:
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2006-02-06 00:29:49 +01:00
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2007-09-01 11:36:31 +02:00
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- ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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- git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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- http{startsb}s{endsb}://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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- ftp{startsb}s{endsb}://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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2006-02-06 00:29:49 +01:00
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:
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2006-02-06 00:29:49 +01:00
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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- {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
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2006-02-06 00:29:49 +01:00
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2013-05-04 04:19:33 +02:00
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This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
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first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
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colon. For example the local path `foo:bar` could be specified as an
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absolute path or `./foo:bar` to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
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url.
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
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- ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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- git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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- {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
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2013-01-21 20:17:53 +01:00
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For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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syntaxes may be used:
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2006-02-06 00:29:49 +01:00
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2006-02-05 23:43:47 +01:00
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- /path/to/repo.git/
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2013-05-24 17:44:03 +02:00
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- \file:///path/to/repo.git/
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git-clone: aggressively optimize local clone behaviour.
This changes the behaviour of cloning from a repository on the
local machine, by defaulting to "-l" (use hardlinks to share
files under .git/objects) and making "-l" a no-op. A new
option, --no-hardlinks, is also added to cause file-level copy
of files under .git/objects while still avoiding the normal
"pack to pipe, then receive and index pack" network transfer
overhead. The old behaviour of local cloning without -l nor -s
is availble by specifying the source repository with the newly
introduced file:///path/to/repo.git/ syntax (i.e. "same as
network" cloning).
* With --no-hardlinks (i.e. have all .git/objects/ copied via
cpio) would not catch the source repository corruption, and
also risks corrupted recipient repository if an
alpha-particle hits memory cell while indexing and resolving
deltas. As long as the recipient is created uncorrupted, you
have a good back-up.
* same-as-network is expensive, but it would catch the breakage
of the source repository. It still risks corrupted recipient
repository due to hardware failure. As long as the recipient
is created uncorrupted, you have a good back-up.
* The new default on the same filesystem, as long as the source
repository is healthy, it is very likely that the recipient
would be, too. Also it is very cheap. You do not get any
back-up benefit, though.
None of the method is resilient against the source repository
corruption, so let's discount that from the comparison. Then
the difference with and without --no-hardlinks matters primarily
if you value the back-up benefit or not. If you want to use the
cloned repository as a back-up, then it is cheaper to do a clone
with --no-hardlinks and two git-fsck (source before clone,
recipient after clone) than same-as-network clone, especially as
you are likely to do a git-fsck on the recipient if you are so
paranoid anyway.
Which leads me to believe that being able to use file:/// is
probably a good idea, if only for testability, but probably of
little practical value. We default to hardlinked clone for
everyday use, and paranoids can use --no-hardlinks as a way to
make a back-up.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2007-08-02 08:42:36 +02:00
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2007-11-16 19:43:16 +01:00
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ifndef::git-clone[]
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
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the former implies --local option. See linkgit:git-clone[1] for
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details.
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2007-11-16 19:43:16 +01:00
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endif::git-clone[]
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ifdef::git-clone[]
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies
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--local option.
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2007-11-16 19:43:16 +01:00
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endif::git-clone[]
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2008-02-20 19:43:53 +01:00
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2013-01-21 20:17:53 +01:00
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When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
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2010-04-06 10:38:19 +02:00
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attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
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exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
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may be used:
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- <transport>::<address>
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where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
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URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
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2019-03-25 22:41:36 +01:00
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invoked. See linkgit:gitremote-helpers[7] for details.
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2008-02-20 19:43:53 +01:00
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If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
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you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
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use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
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configuration section of the form:
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------------
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[url "<actual url base>"]
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insteadOf = <other url base>
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------------
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For example, with this:
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------------
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[url "git://git.host.xz/"]
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insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
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insteadOf = work:
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------------
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a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
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rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".
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2009-09-07 10:56:33 +02:00
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If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
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configuration section of the form:
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------------
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[url "<actual url base>"]
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pushInsteadOf = <other url base>
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------------
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For example, with this:
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------------
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[url "ssh://example.org/"]
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pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/
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------------
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a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
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"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
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use the original URL.
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