mirror of
https://github.com/git/git.git
synced 2024-10-30 05:47:53 +01:00
928f0ab4ba
Signed-off-by: Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
660 lines
28 KiB
Text
660 lines
28 KiB
Text
[[def_alternate_object_database]]alternate object database::
|
|
Via the alternates mechanism, a <<def_repository,repository>>
|
|
can inherit part of its <<def_object_database,object database>>
|
|
from another object database, which is called an "alternate".
|
|
|
|
[[def_bare_repository]]bare repository::
|
|
A bare repository is normally an appropriately
|
|
named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
|
|
have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
|
|
revision control. That is, all of the Git
|
|
administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
|
|
hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
|
|
`repository.git` directory instead,
|
|
and no other files are present and checked out. Usually publishers of
|
|
public repositories make bare repositories available.
|
|
|
|
[[def_blob_object]]blob object::
|
|
Untyped <<def_object,object>>, e.g. the contents of a file.
|
|
|
|
[[def_branch]]branch::
|
|
A "branch" is an active line of development. The most recent
|
|
<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
|
|
that branch. The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
|
|
<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
|
|
is done on the branch. A single Git
|
|
<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
|
|
branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
|
|
associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
|
|
branch), and <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> points to that branch.
|
|
|
|
[[def_cache]]cache::
|
|
Obsolete for: <<def_index,index>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_chain]]chain::
|
|
A list of objects, where each <<def_object,object>> in the list contains
|
|
a reference to its successor (for example, the successor of a
|
|
<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
|
|
|
|
[[def_changeset]]changeset::
|
|
BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not
|
|
store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
|
|
"changesets" with Git.
|
|
|
|
[[def_checkout]]checkout::
|
|
The action of updating all or part of the
|
|
<<def_working_tree,working tree>> with a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>
|
|
or <<def_blob_object,blob>> from the
|
|
<<def_object_database,object database>>, and updating the
|
|
<<def_index,index>> and <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> if the whole working tree has
|
|
been pointed at a new <<def_branch,branch>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
|
|
In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
|
|
changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
|
|
as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
|
|
performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
|
|
by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
|
|
of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
|
|
|
|
[[def_clean]]clean::
|
|
A <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is clean, if it
|
|
corresponds to the <<def_revision,revision>> referenced by the current
|
|
<<def_head,head>>. Also see "<<def_dirty,dirty>>".
|
|
|
|
[[def_commit]]commit::
|
|
As a noun: A single point in the
|
|
Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
|
|
set of interrelated commits. The word "commit" is often
|
|
used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
|
|
use the words "revision" or "version". Also used as a short
|
|
hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
|
|
+
|
|
As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
|
|
state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
|
|
state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
|
|
to point at the new commit.
|
|
|
|
[[def_commit_object]]commit object::
|
|
An <<def_object,object>> which contains the information about a
|
|
particular <<def_revision,revision>>, such as <<def_parent,parents>>, committer,
|
|
author, date and the <<def_tree_object,tree object>> which corresponds
|
|
to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
|
|
revision.
|
|
|
|
[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
|
|
A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
|
|
<<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
|
|
a commit object.
|
|
The following are all commit-ishes:
|
|
a commit object,
|
|
a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
|
|
object,
|
|
a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
|
|
commit object,
|
|
etc.
|
|
|
|
[[def_core_git]]core Git::
|
|
Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
|
|
source code management tools.
|
|
|
|
[[def_DAG]]DAG::
|
|
Directed acyclic graph. The <<def_commit_object,commit objects>> form a
|
|
directed acyclic graph, because they have parents (directed), and the
|
|
graph of commit objects is acyclic (there is no <<def_chain,chain>>
|
|
which begins and ends with the same <<def_object,object>>).
|
|
|
|
[[def_dangling_object]]dangling object::
|
|
An <<def_unreachable_object,unreachable object>> which is not
|
|
<<def_reachable,reachable>> even from other unreachable objects; a
|
|
dangling object has no references to it from any
|
|
reference or <<def_object,object>> in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
|
|
Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
|
|
<<def_branch,branch>>, and commands that operate on the
|
|
history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
|
|
tip of the branch the HEAD points at. However, Git also
|
|
allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary
|
|
<<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
|
|
particular branch. The HEAD in such a state is called
|
|
"detached".
|
|
+
|
|
Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
|
|
(e.g. `git commit` to build a new history on top of it) still work
|
|
while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
|
|
of the updated history without affecting any branch. Commands that
|
|
update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git
|
|
branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote-tracking branch the
|
|
current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
|
|
(real) current branch to ask about in this state.
|
|
|
|
[[def_directory]]directory::
|
|
The list you get with "ls" :-)
|
|
|
|
[[def_dirty]]dirty::
|
|
A <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is said to be "dirty" if
|
|
it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
|
|
<<def_branch,branch>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
|
|
An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
|
|
do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_fast_forward]]fast-forward::
|
|
A fast-forward is a special type of <<def_merge,merge>> where you have a
|
|
<<def_revision,revision>> and you are "merging" another
|
|
<<def_branch,branch>>'s changes that happen to be a descendant of what
|
|
you have. In such a case, you do not make a new <<def_merge,merge>>
|
|
<<def_commit,commit>> but instead just update to his
|
|
revision. This will happen frequently on a
|
|
<<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branch>> of a remote
|
|
<<def_repository,repository>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_fetch]]fetch::
|
|
Fetching a <<def_branch,branch>> means to get the
|
|
branch's <<def_head_ref,head ref>> from a remote
|
|
<<def_repository,repository>>, to find out which objects are
|
|
missing from the local <<def_object_database,object database>>,
|
|
and to get them, too. See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
|
|
|
|
[[def_file_system]]file system::
|
|
Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
|
|
i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
|
|
efficiency and speed of Git.
|
|
|
|
[[def_git_archive]]Git archive::
|
|
Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
|
|
|
|
[[def_gitfile]]gitfile::
|
|
A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that
|
|
points at the directory that is the real repository.
|
|
|
|
[[def_grafts]]grafts::
|
|
Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
|
|
together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
|
|
you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
|
|
is different from what was recorded when the commit was
|
|
created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
|
|
+
|
|
Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
|
|
transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
|
|
for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
|
|
|
|
[[def_hash]]hash::
|
|
In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_head]]head::
|
|
A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
|
|
<<def_branch,branch>>. Heads are stored in a file in
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` directory, except when using packed refs. (See
|
|
linkgit:git-pack-refs[1].)
|
|
|
|
[[def_HEAD]]HEAD::
|
|
The current <<def_branch,branch>>. In more detail: Your <<def_working_tree,
|
|
working tree>> is normally derived from the state of the tree
|
|
referred to by HEAD. HEAD is a reference to one of the
|
|
<<def_head,heads>> in your repository, except when using a
|
|
<<def_detached_HEAD,detached HEAD>>, in which case it directly
|
|
references an arbitrary commit.
|
|
|
|
[[def_head_ref]]head ref::
|
|
A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_hook]]hook::
|
|
During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
|
|
to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
|
|
checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
|
|
and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
|
|
operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
|
|
`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
|
|
removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
|
|
of Git you had to make them executable.
|
|
|
|
[[def_index]]index::
|
|
A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
|
|
as objects. The index is a stored version of your
|
|
<<def_working_tree,working tree>>. Truth be told, it can also contain a second, and even
|
|
a third version of a working tree, which are used
|
|
when <<def_merge,merging>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_index_entry]]index entry::
|
|
The information regarding a particular file, stored in the
|
|
<<def_index,index>>. An index entry can be unmerged, if a
|
|
<<def_merge,merge>> was started, but not yet finished (i.e. if
|
|
the index contains multiple versions of that file).
|
|
|
|
[[def_master]]master::
|
|
The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
|
|
create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
|
|
"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
|
|
cases, this contains the local development, though that is
|
|
purely by convention and is not required.
|
|
|
|
[[def_merge]]merge::
|
|
As a verb: To bring the contents of another
|
|
<<def_branch,branch>> (possibly from an external
|
|
<<def_repository,repository>>) into the current branch. In the
|
|
case where the merged-in branch is from a different repository,
|
|
this is done by first <<def_fetch,fetching>> the remote branch
|
|
and then merging the result into the current branch. This
|
|
combination of fetch and merge operations is called a
|
|
<<def_pull,pull>>. Merging is performed by an automatic process
|
|
that identifies changes made since the branches diverged, and
|
|
then applies all those changes together. In cases where changes
|
|
conflict, manual intervention may be required to complete the
|
|
merge.
|
|
+
|
|
As a noun: unless it is a <<def_fast_forward,fast-forward>>, a
|
|
successful merge results in the creation of a new <<def_commit,commit>>
|
|
representing the result of the merge, and having as
|
|
<<def_parent,parents>> the tips of the merged <<def_branch,branches>>.
|
|
This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
|
|
"merge".
|
|
|
|
[[def_object]]object::
|
|
The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
|
|
<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
|
|
object can not be changed.
|
|
|
|
[[def_object_database]]object database::
|
|
Stores a set of "objects", and an individual <<def_object,object>> is
|
|
identified by its <<def_object_name,object name>>. The objects usually
|
|
live in `$GIT_DIR/objects/`.
|
|
|
|
[[def_object_identifier]]object identifier::
|
|
Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_object_name]]object name::
|
|
The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The
|
|
object name is usually represented by a 40 character
|
|
hexadecimal string. Also colloquially called <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_object_type]]object type::
|
|
One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
|
|
"<<def_tree_object,tree>>", "<<def_tag_object,tag>>" or
|
|
"<<def_blob_object,blob>>" describing the type of an
|
|
<<def_object,object>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_octopus]]octopus::
|
|
To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_origin]]origin::
|
|
The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
|
|
at least one upstream project which they track. By default
|
|
'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
|
|
will be fetched into <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
|
|
origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
|
|
`git branch -r`.
|
|
|
|
[[def_pack]]pack::
|
|
A set of objects which have been compressed into one file (to save space
|
|
or to transmit them efficiently).
|
|
|
|
[[def_pack_index]]pack index::
|
|
The list of identifiers, and other information, of the objects in a
|
|
<<def_pack,pack>>, to assist in efficiently accessing the contents of a
|
|
pack.
|
|
|
|
[[def_pathspec]]pathspec::
|
|
Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.
|
|
+
|
|
Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
|
|
ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
|
|
and many other commands to
|
|
limit the scope of operations to some subset of the tree or
|
|
worktree. See the documentation of each command for whether
|
|
paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel. The
|
|
pathspec syntax is as follows:
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
* any path matches itself
|
|
* the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
|
|
directory prefix. The scope of that pathspec is
|
|
limited to that subtree.
|
|
* the rest of the pathspec is a pattern for the remainder
|
|
of the pathname. Paths relative to the directory
|
|
prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
|
|
in particular, '*' and '?' _can_ match directory separators.
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
+
|
|
For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
|
|
in the Documentation subtree,
|
|
including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.
|
|
+
|
|
A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning. In the
|
|
short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
|
|
signature" letters (which optionally is terminated by another colon `:`),
|
|
and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path.
|
|
The "magic signature" consists of ASCII symbols that are neither
|
|
alphanumeric, glob, regex special characters nor colon.
|
|
The optional colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be
|
|
omitted if the pattern begins with a character that does not belong to
|
|
"magic signature" symbol set and is not a colon.
|
|
+
|
|
In the long form, the leading colon `:` is followed by an open
|
|
parenthesis `(`, a comma-separated list of zero or more "magic words",
|
|
and a close parentheses `)`, and the remainder is the pattern to match
|
|
against the path.
|
|
+
|
|
A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
|
|
should not be combined with other pathspec.
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
top;;
|
|
The magic word `top` (magic signature: `/`) makes the pattern
|
|
match from the root of the working tree, even when you are
|
|
running the command from inside a subdirectory.
|
|
|
|
literal;;
|
|
Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated
|
|
as literal characters.
|
|
|
|
icase;;
|
|
Case insensitive match.
|
|
|
|
glob;;
|
|
Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
|
|
consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
|
|
wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
|
|
For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
|
|
"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
|
|
or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
|
|
+
|
|
Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
|
|
full pathname may have special meaning:
|
|
|
|
- A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
|
|
directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
|
|
"`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
|
|
matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
|
|
under directory "`foo`".
|
|
|
|
- A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
|
|
"`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
|
|
to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
|
|
|
|
- A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
|
|
matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
|
|
matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
|
|
|
|
- Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
|
|
+
|
|
Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
|
|
|
|
attr;;
|
|
After `attr:` comes a space separated list of "attribute
|
|
requirements", all of which must be met in order for the
|
|
path to be considered a match; this is in addition to the
|
|
usual non-magic pathspec pattern matching.
|
|
See linkgit:gitattributes[5].
|
|
+
|
|
Each of the attribute requirements for the path takes one of
|
|
these forms:
|
|
|
|
- "`ATTR`" requires that the attribute `ATTR` be set.
|
|
|
|
- "`-ATTR`" requires that the attribute `ATTR` be unset.
|
|
|
|
- "`ATTR=VALUE`" requires that the attribute `ATTR` be
|
|
set to the string `VALUE`.
|
|
|
|
- "`!ATTR`" requires that the attribute `ATTR` be
|
|
unspecified.
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
exclude;;
|
|
After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run
|
|
through all exclude pathspecs (magic signature: `!` or its
|
|
synonym `^`). If it matches, the path is ignored. When there
|
|
is no non-exclude pathspec, the exclusion is applied to the
|
|
result set as if invoked without any pathspec.
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
[[def_parent]]parent::
|
|
A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> contains a (possibly empty) list
|
|
of the logical predecessor(s) in the line of development, i.e. its
|
|
parents.
|
|
|
|
[[def_pickaxe]]pickaxe::
|
|
The term <<def_pickaxe,pickaxe>> refers to an option to the diffcore
|
|
routines that help select changes that add or delete a given text
|
|
string. With the `--pickaxe-all` option, it can be used to view the full
|
|
<<def_changeset,changeset>> that introduced or removed, say, a
|
|
particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
|
|
|
|
[[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
|
|
Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
|
|
Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
|
|
<<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to
|
|
core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
|
|
interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_per_worktree_ref]]per-worktree ref::
|
|
Refs that are per-<<def_working_tree,worktree>>, rather than
|
|
global. This is presently only <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> and any refs
|
|
that start with `refs/bisect/`, but might later include other
|
|
unusual refs.
|
|
|
|
[[def_pseudoref]]pseudoref::
|
|
Pseudorefs are a class of files under `$GIT_DIR` which behave
|
|
like refs for the purposes of rev-parse, but which are treated
|
|
specially by git. Pseudorefs both have names that are all-caps,
|
|
and always start with a line consisting of a
|
|
<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> followed by whitespace. So, HEAD is not a
|
|
pseudoref, because it is sometimes a symbolic ref. They might
|
|
optionally contain some additional data. `MERGE_HEAD` and
|
|
`CHERRY_PICK_HEAD` are examples. Unlike
|
|
<<def_per_worktree_ref,per-worktree refs>>, these files cannot
|
|
be symbolic refs, and never have reflogs. They also cannot be
|
|
updated through the normal ref update machinery. Instead,
|
|
they are updated by directly writing to the files. However,
|
|
they can be read as if they were refs, so `git rev-parse
|
|
MERGE_HEAD` will work.
|
|
|
|
[[def_pull]]pull::
|
|
Pulling a <<def_branch,branch>> means to <<def_fetch,fetch>> it and
|
|
<<def_merge,merge>> it. See also linkgit:git-pull[1].
|
|
|
|
[[def_push]]push::
|
|
Pushing a <<def_branch,branch>> means to get the branch's
|
|
<<def_head_ref,head ref>> from a remote <<def_repository,repository>>,
|
|
find out if it is an ancestor to the branch's local
|
|
head ref, and in that case, putting all
|
|
objects, which are <<def_reachable,reachable>> from the local
|
|
head ref, and which are missing from the remote
|
|
repository, into the remote
|
|
<<def_object_database,object database>>, and updating the remote
|
|
head ref. If the remote <<def_head,head>> is not an
|
|
ancestor to the local head, the push fails.
|
|
|
|
[[def_reachable]]reachable::
|
|
All of the ancestors of a given <<def_commit,commit>> are said to be
|
|
"reachable" from that commit. More
|
|
generally, one <<def_object,object>> is reachable from
|
|
another if we can reach the one from the other by a <<def_chain,chain>>
|
|
that follows <<def_tag,tags>> to whatever they tag,
|
|
<<def_commit_object,commits>> to their parents or trees, and
|
|
<<def_tree_object,trees>> to the trees or <<def_blob_object,blobs>>
|
|
that they contain.
|
|
|
|
[[def_rebase]]rebase::
|
|
To reapply a series of changes from a <<def_branch,branch>> to a
|
|
different base, and reset the <<def_head,head>> of that branch
|
|
to the result.
|
|
|
|
[[def_ref]]ref::
|
|
A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
|
|
that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
|
|
ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
|
|
For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
|
|
as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
|
|
for details.
|
|
Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
|
|
+
|
|
The ref namespace is hierarchical.
|
|
Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
|
|
`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
|
|
+
|
|
There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
|
|
The most notable example is `HEAD`.
|
|
|
|
[[def_reflog]]reflog::
|
|
A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref. In other words,
|
|
it can tell you what the 3rd last revision in _this_ repository
|
|
was, and what was the current state in _this_ repository,
|
|
yesterday 9:14pm. See linkgit:git-reflog[1] for details.
|
|
|
|
[[def_refspec]]refspec::
|
|
A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
|
|
<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
|
|
<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref.
|
|
|
|
[[def_remote]]remote repository::
|
|
A <<def_repository,repository>> which is used to track the same
|
|
project but resides somewhere else. To communicate with remotes,
|
|
see <<def_fetch,fetch>> or <<def_push,push>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
|
|
A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another
|
|
<<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like
|
|
'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named
|
|
'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of
|
|
a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking
|
|
branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
|
|
commits made to it.
|
|
|
|
[[def_repository]]repository::
|
|
A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
|
|
<<def_object_database,object database>> containing all objects
|
|
which are <<def_reachable,reachable>> from the refs, possibly
|
|
accompanied by meta data from one or more <<def_porcelain,porcelains>>. A
|
|
repository can share an object database with other repositories
|
|
via <<def_alternate_object_database,alternates mechanism>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_resolve]]resolve::
|
|
The action of fixing up manually what a failed automatic
|
|
<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
|
|
|
|
[[def_revision]]revision::
|
|
Synonym for <<def_commit,commit>> (the noun).
|
|
|
|
[[def_rewind]]rewind::
|
|
To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
|
|
<<def_head,head>> to an earlier <<def_revision,revision>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_SCM]]SCM::
|
|
Source code management (tool).
|
|
|
|
[[def_SHA1]]SHA-1::
|
|
"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
|
|
In the context of Git used as a synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_shallow_clone]]shallow clone::
|
|
Mostly a synonym to <<def_shallow_repository,shallow repository>>
|
|
but the phrase makes it more explicit that it was created by
|
|
running `git clone --depth=...` command.
|
|
|
|
[[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
|
|
A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
|
|
history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
|
|
words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
|
|
parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
|
|
object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
|
|
recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
|
|
upstream is much larger. A shallow repository
|
|
is created by giving the `--depth` option to linkgit:git-clone[1], and
|
|
its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
|
|
|
|
[[def_stash]]stash entry::
|
|
An <<def_object,object>> used to temporarily store the contents of a
|
|
<<def_dirty,dirty>> working directory and the index for future reuse.
|
|
|
|
[[def_submodule]]submodule::
|
|
A <<def_repository,repository>> that holds the history of a
|
|
separate project inside another repository (the latter of
|
|
which is called <<def_superproject, superproject>>).
|
|
|
|
[[def_superproject]]superproject::
|
|
A <<def_repository,repository>> that references repositories
|
|
of other projects in its working tree as <<def_submodule,submodules>>.
|
|
The superproject knows about the names of (but does not hold
|
|
copies of) commit objects of the contained submodules.
|
|
|
|
[[def_symref]]symref::
|
|
Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>
|
|
id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
|
|
referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
|
|
'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
|
|
references are manipulated with the linkgit:git-symbolic-ref[1]
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
[[def_tag]]tag::
|
|
A <<def_ref,ref>> under `refs/tags/` namespace that points to an
|
|
object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
|
|
<<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>).
|
|
In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by
|
|
the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
|
|
tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>>
|
|
in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
|
|
point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_tag_object]]tag object::
|
|
An <<def_object,object>> containing a <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to
|
|
another object, which can contain a message just like a
|
|
<<def_commit_object,commit object>>. It can also contain a (PGP)
|
|
signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
|
|
|
|
[[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
|
|
A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
|
|
identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
|
|
and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
|
|
that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
|
|
related changes.
|
|
|
|
[[def_tree]]tree::
|
|
Either a <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, or a <<def_tree_object,tree
|
|
object>> together with the dependent <<def_blob_object,blob>> and tree objects
|
|
(i.e. a stored representation of a working tree).
|
|
|
|
[[def_tree_object]]tree object::
|
|
An <<def_object,object>> containing a list of file names and modes along
|
|
with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
|
|
<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
|
|
A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
|
|
that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
|
|
Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
|
|
tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
|
|
top <<def_directory,directory>>.
|
|
The following are all tree-ishes:
|
|
a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
|
|
a tree object,
|
|
a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
|
|
a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
|
|
object,
|
|
etc.
|
|
|
|
[[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
|
|
An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
|
|
<<def_index_entry,index entries>>.
|
|
|
|
[[def_unreachable_object]]unreachable object::
|
|
An <<def_object,object>> which is not <<def_reachable,reachable>> from a
|
|
<<def_branch,branch>>, <<def_tag,tag>>, or any other reference.
|
|
|
|
[[def_upstream_branch]]upstream branch::
|
|
The default <<def_branch,branch>> that is merged into the branch in
|
|
question (or the branch in question is rebased onto). It is configured
|
|
via branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge. If the upstream branch
|
|
of 'A' is 'origin/B' sometimes we say "'A' is tracking 'origin/B'".
|
|
|
|
[[def_working_tree]]working tree::
|
|
The tree of actual checked out files. The working tree normally
|
|
contains the contents of the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> commit's tree,
|
|
plus any local changes that you have made but not yet committed.
|