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git/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
Jeff King 2f70587502 ident: report passwd errors with a more friendly message
When getpwuid fails, we give a cute but cryptic message.
While it makes sense if you know that getpwuid or identity
functions are being called, this code is triggered behind
the scenes by quite a few git commands these days (e.g.,
receive-pack on a remote server might use it for a reflog;
the current message is hard to distinguish from an
authentication error).  Let's switch to something that gives
a little more context.

While we're at it, we can factor out all of the
cut-and-pastes of the "you don't exist" message into a
wrapper function. Rather than provide xgetpwuid, let's make
it even more specific to just getting the passwd entry for
the current uid. That's the only way we use getpwuid anyway,
and it lets us make an even more specific error message.

The current message also fails to mention errno. While the
usual cause for getpwuid failing is that the user does not
exist, mentioning errno makes it easier to diagnose these
problems.  Note that POSIX specifies that errno remain
untouched if the passwd entry does not exist (but will be
set on actual errors), whereas some systems will return
ENOENT or similar for a missing entry. We handle both cases
in our wrapper.

Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2012-05-22 09:08:20 -07:00

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git-commit-tree(1)
==================
NAME
----
git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] < changelog
'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [(-m <message>)...] [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This is usually not what an end user wants to run directly. See
linkgit:git-commit[1] instead.
Creates a new commit object based on the provided tree object and
emits the new commit object id on stdout. The log message is read
from the standard input, unless `-m` or `-F` options are given.
A commit object may have any number of parents. With exactly one
parent, it is an ordinary commit. Having more than one parent makes
the commit a merge between several lines of history. Initial (root)
commits have no parents.
While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
to get there.
Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
`.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
state was.
OPTIONS
-------
<tree>::
An existing tree object
-p <parent>::
Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object.
-m <message>::
A paragraph in the commig log message. This can be given more than
once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph.
-F <file>::
Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
from the standard input.
Commit Information
------------------
A commit encapsulates:
- all parent object ids
- author name, email and date
- committer name and email and the commit time.
While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and
committer information is taken from the following environment variables,
if set:
GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
EMAIL
(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
present, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
that file does not exist).
A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog
entry is not provided via "<" redirection, 'git commit-tree' will just wait
for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
include::date-formats.txt[]
Discussion
----------
include::i18n.txt[]
FILES
-----
/etc/mailname
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-write-tree[1]
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite