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The point of these sections is generally to:
1. Give credit where it is due.
2. Give the reader an idea of where to ask questions or
file bug reports.
But they don't do a good job of either case. For (1), they
are out of date and incomplete. A much more accurate answer
can be gotten through shortlog or blame. For (2), the
correct contact point is generally git@vger, and even if you
wanted to cc the contact point, the out-of-date and
incomplete fields mean you're likely sending to somebody
useless.
So let's drop the fields entirely from all manpages except
git(1) itself. We already point people to the mailing list
for bug reports there, and we can update the Authors section
to give credit to the major contributors and point to
shortlog and blame for more information.
Each page has a "This is part of git" footer, so people can
follow that to the main git manpage.
161 lines
5.4 KiB
Text
161 lines
5.4 KiB
Text
gitignore(5)
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============
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NAME
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----
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gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
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git should ignore.
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Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES
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below for details.
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Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
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When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
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`gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
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order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
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precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
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* Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
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them.
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* Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
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as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the
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higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden
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by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file.
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These patterns match relative to the location of the
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`.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such
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`.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
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files generated as part of the project build.
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* Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
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* Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
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variable 'core.excludesfile'.
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Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
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be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
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other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
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to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are
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specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
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with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
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the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
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the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. Patterns which a user wants git to
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ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
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the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
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`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.
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The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
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'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
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`gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
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files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git
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tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
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use patterns from the sources specified above.
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PATTERN FORMAT
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--------------
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- A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
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for readability.
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- A line starting with # serves as a comment.
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- An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
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matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
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included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will
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override lower precedence patterns sources.
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- If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
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purpose of the following description, but it would only find
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a match with a directory. In other words, `foo/` will match a
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directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
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regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
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with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
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- If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
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a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
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pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
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(relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
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`.gitignore` file).
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- Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
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for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
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wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
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For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
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"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
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or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
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- A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
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For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
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"mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
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NOTES
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-----
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The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
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not tracked by git remain untracked.
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To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked,
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use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'.
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To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
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'git rm --cached'.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ git status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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# Documentation/gitignore.html
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# file.o
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# lib.a
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# src/internal.o
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[...]
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$ cat .git/info/exclude
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# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
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*.[oa]
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$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
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# ignore generated html files,
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*.html
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# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
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!foo.html
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$ git status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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[...]
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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Another example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .gitignore
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vmlinux*
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$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
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arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
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`arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-rm[1], linkgit:git-update-index[1],
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linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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