git/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt

git-diff-index(1)
=================

NAME
----
git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository


SYNOPSIS
--------
'git-diff-index' [-m] [--cached] [<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]

DESCRIPTION
-----------
Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
object with the content of the current index and, optionally
ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
entries in the index are compared.

OPTIONS
-------
include::diff-options.txt[]

<tree-ish>::
	The id of a tree object to diff against.

--cached::
	do not consider the on-disk file at all

-m::
	By default, files recorded in the index but not checked
	out are reported as deleted.  This flag makes
	"git-diff-index" say that all non-checked-out files are up
	to date.

Output format
-------------
include::diff-format.txt[]

Operating Modes
---------------
You can choose whether you want to trust the index file entirely
(using the '--cached' flag) or ask the diff logic to show any files
that don't match the stat state as being "tentatively changed".  Both
of these operations are very useful indeed.

Cached Mode
-----------
If '--cached' is specified, it allows you to ask:

	show me the differences between HEAD and the current index
	contents (the ones I'd write with a "git-write-tree")

For example, let's say that you have worked on your working directory, updated
some files in the index and are ready to commit. You want to see eactly
*what* you are going to commit is without having to write a new tree
object and compare it that way, and to do that, you just do

	git-diff-index --cached HEAD

Example: let's say I had renamed `commit.c` to `git-commit.c`, and I had
done an "git-update-index" to make that effective in the index file.
"git-diff-files" wouldn't show anything at all, since the index file
matches my working directory. But doing a "git-diff-index" does:

  torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-index --cached HEAD
  -100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        commit.c
  +100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        git-commit.c

You can trivially see that the above is a rename.

In fact, "git-diff-index --cached" *should* always be entirely equivalent to
actually doing a "git-write-tree" and comparing that. Except this one is much
nicer for the case where you just want to check where you are.

So doing a "git-diff-index --cached" is basically very useful when you are
asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and 
what's the difference to a previous tree".

Non-cached Mode
---------------
The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially
the more useful of the two in that what it does can't be emulated with
a "git-write-tree" + "git-diff-tree". Thus that's the default mode.
The non-cached version asks the question:

  show me the differences between HEAD and the currently checked out
  tree - index contents _and_ files that aren't up-to-date

which is obviously a very useful question too, since that tells you what
you *could* commit. Again, the output matches the "git-diff-tree -r"
output to a tee, but with a twist.

The twist is that if some file doesn't match the index, we don't have
a backing store thing for it, and we use the magic "all-zero" sha1 to
show that. So let's say that you have edited `kernel/sched.c`, but
have not actually done a "git-update-index" on it yet - there is no
"object" associated with the new state, and you get:

  torvalds@ppc970:~/v2.6/linux> git-diff-index HEAD
  *100644->100664 blob    7476bb......->000000......      kernel/sched.c

ie it shows that the tree has changed, and that `kernel/sched.c` has is
not up-to-date and may contain new stuff. The all-zero sha1 means that to
get the real diff, you need to look at the object in the working directory
directly rather than do an object-to-object diff.

NOTE: As with other commands of this type, "git-diff-index" does not
actually look at the contents of the file at all. So maybe
`kernel/sched.c` hasn't actually changed, and it's just that you
touched it. In either case, it's a note that you need to
"git-upate-index" it to make the index be in sync.

NOTE: You can have a mixture of files show up as "has been updated"
and "is still dirty in the working directory" together. You can always
tell which file is in which state, since the "has been updated" ones
show a valid sha1, and the "not in sync with the index" ones will
always have the special all-zero sha1.


Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Documentation
--------------
Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.

GIT
---
Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite