git/sequencer.c

#include "cache.h"
#include "lockfile.h"
#include "sequencer.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "run-command.h"
#include "exec_cmd.h"
#include "utf8.h"
#include "cache-tree.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "rerere.h"
#include "merge-recursive.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "argv-array.h"
#include "quote.h"

#define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"

const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";

GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_seq_dir, "sequencer")

static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_todo_file, "sequencer/todo")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_opts_file, "sequencer/opts")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_head_file, "sequencer/head")

/*
 * A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 * GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 * being rebased.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_author_script, "rebase-merge/author-script")
/*
 * The following files are written by git-rebase just after parsing the
 * command-line (and are only consumed, not modified, by the sequencer).
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_gpg_sign_opt, "rebase-merge/gpg_sign_opt")

/* We will introduce the 'interactive rebase' mode later */
static inline int is_rebase_i(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	return 0;
}

static const char *get_dir(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	return git_path_seq_dir();
}

static const char *get_todo_path(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	return git_path_todo_file();
}

static int is_rfc2822_line(const char *buf, int len)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		int ch = buf[i];
		if (ch == ':')
			return 1;
		if (!isalnum(ch) && ch != '-')
			break;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int is_cherry_picked_from_line(const char *buf, int len)
{
	/*
	 * We only care that it looks roughly like (cherry picked from ...)
	 */
	return len > strlen(cherry_picked_prefix) + 1 &&
		starts_with(buf, cherry_picked_prefix) && buf[len - 1] == ')';
}

/*
 * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
 * Returns 1 for conforming footer
 * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
 * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
 */
static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
	int ignore_footer)
{
	char prev;
	int i, k;
	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
	const char *buf = sb->buf;
	int found_sob = 0;

	/* footer must end with newline */
	if (!len || buf[len - 1] != '\n')
		return 0;

	prev = '\0';
	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
		char ch = buf[i];
		if (prev == '\n' && ch == '\n') /* paragraph break */
			break;
		prev = ch;
	}

	/* require at least one blank line */
	if (prev != '\n' || buf[i] != '\n')
		return 0;

	/* advance to start of last paragraph */
	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
		i++;

	for (; i < len; i = k) {
		int found_rfc2822;

		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
			; /* do nothing */
		k++;

		found_rfc2822 = is_rfc2822_line(buf + i, k - i - 1);
		if (found_rfc2822 && sob &&
		    !strncmp(buf + i, sob->buf, sob->len))
			found_sob = k;

		if (!(found_rfc2822 ||
		      is_cherry_picked_from_line(buf + i, k - i - 1)))
			return 0;
	}
	if (found_sob == i)
		return 3;
	if (found_sob)
		return 2;
	return 1;
}

static const char *gpg_sign_opt_quoted(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

	strbuf_reset(&buf);
	if (opts->gpg_sign)
		sq_quotef(&buf, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
	return buf.buf;
}

int sequencer_remove_state(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT;
	int i;

	free(opts->gpg_sign);
	free(opts->strategy);
	for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
		free(opts->xopts[i]);
	free(opts->xopts);

	strbuf_addf(&dir, "%s", get_dir(opts));
	remove_dir_recursively(&dir, 0);
	strbuf_release(&dir);

	return 0;
}

static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	return opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT ? N_("revert") : N_("cherry-pick");
}

struct commit_message {
	char *parent_label;
	char *label;
	char *subject;
	const char *message;
};

static const char *short_commit_name(struct commit *commit)
{
	return find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
}

static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
{
	const char *abbrev, *subject;
	int subject_len;

	out->message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_commit_output_encoding());
	abbrev = short_commit_name(commit);

	subject_len = find_commit_subject(out->message, &subject);

	out->subject = xmemdupz(subject, subject_len);
	out->label = xstrfmt("%s... %s", abbrev, out->subject);
	out->parent_label = xstrfmt("parent of %s", out->label);

	return 0;
}

static void free_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *msg)
{
	free(msg->parent_label);
	free(msg->label);
	free(msg->subject);
	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg->message);
}

static void print_advice(int show_hint, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	char *msg = getenv("GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP");

	if (msg) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
		/*
		 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
		 */
		unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head());
		return;
	}

	if (show_hint) {
		if (opts->no_commit)
			advise(_("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
				 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"));
		else
			advise(_("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
				 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
				 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"));
	}
}

static int write_message(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *filename,
			 int append_eol)
{
	static struct lock_file msg_file;

	int msg_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&msg_file, filename, 0);
	if (msg_fd < 0)
		return error_errno(_("could not lock '%s'"), filename);
	if (write_in_full(msg_fd, buf, len) < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
		return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
	}
	if (append_eol && write(msg_fd, "\n", 1) < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
		return error_errno(_("could not write eol to '%s'"), filename);
	}
	if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
		return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), filename);
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Reads a file that was presumably written by a shell script, i.e. with an
 * end-of-line marker that needs to be stripped.
 *
 * Note that only the last end-of-line marker is stripped, consistent with the
 * behavior of "$(cat path)" in a shell script.
 *
 * Returns 1 if the file was read, 0 if it could not be read or does not exist.
 */
static int read_oneliner(struct strbuf *buf,
	const char *path, int skip_if_empty)
{
	int orig_len = buf->len;

	if (!file_exists(path))
		return 0;

	if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, 0) < 0) {
		warning_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), path);
		return 0;
	}

	if (buf->len > orig_len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] == '\n') {
		if (--buf->len > orig_len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] == '\r')
			--buf->len;
		buf->buf[buf->len] = '\0';
	}

	if (skip_if_empty && buf->len == orig_len)
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

static struct tree *empty_tree(void)
{
	return lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
}

static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	if (read_cache_unmerged())
		return error_resolve_conflict(_(action_name(opts)));

	error(_("your local changes would be overwritten by %s."),
		_(action_name(opts)));

	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
		advise(_("commit your changes or stash them to proceed."));
	return -1;
}

static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from,
			int unborn, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;

	read_cache();
	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
		return -1; /* the callee should have complained already */

	strbuf_addf(&sb, _("%s: fast-forward"), _(action_name(opts)));

	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
	if (!transaction ||
	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD",
				   to, unborn ? null_sha1 : from,
				   0, sb.buf, &err) ||
	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
		error("%s", err.buf);
		strbuf_release(&sb);
		strbuf_release(&err);
		return -1;
	}

	strbuf_release(&sb);
	strbuf_release(&err);
	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
	return 0;
}

void append_conflicts_hint(struct strbuf *msgbuf)
{
	int i;

	strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\n');
	strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "Conflicts:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
			strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
			while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
							active_cache[i]->name))
				i++;
		}
	}
}

static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
			      const char *base_label, const char *next_label,
			      unsigned char *head, struct strbuf *msgbuf,
			      struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	struct merge_options o;
	struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
	int clean;
	char **xopt;
	static struct lock_file index_lock;

	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);

	read_cache();

	init_merge_options(&o);
	o.ancestor = base ? base_label : "(empty tree)";
	o.branch1 = "HEAD";
	o.branch2 = next ? next_label : "(empty tree)";

	head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
	next_tree = next ? next->tree : empty_tree();
	base_tree = base ? base->tree : empty_tree();

	for (xopt = opts->xopts; xopt != opts->xopts + opts->xopts_nr; xopt++)
		parse_merge_opt(&o, *xopt);

	clean = merge_trees(&o,
			    head_tree,
			    next_tree, base_tree, &result);
	strbuf_release(&o.obuf);
	if (clean < 0)
		return clean;

	if (active_cache_changed &&
	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
		/* TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick" */
		return error(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"),
			_(action_name(opts)));
	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);

	if (opts->signoff)
		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);

	if (!clean)
		append_conflicts_hint(msgbuf);

	return !clean;
}

static int is_index_unchanged(void)
{
	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
	struct commit *head_commit;

	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL))
		return error(_("could not resolve HEAD commit\n"));

	head_commit = lookup_commit(head_sha1);

	/*
	 * If head_commit is NULL, check_commit, called from
	 * lookup_commit, would have indicated that head_commit is not
	 * a commit object already.  parse_commit() will return failure
	 * without further complaints in such a case.  Otherwise, if
	 * the commit is invalid, parse_commit() will complain.  So
	 * there is nothing for us to say here.  Just return failure.
	 */
	if (parse_commit(head_commit))
		return -1;

	if (!active_cache_tree)
		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();

	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
		if (cache_tree_update(&the_index, 0))
			return error(_("unable to update cache tree\n"));

	return !hashcmp(active_cache_tree->sha1, head_commit->tree->object.oid.hash);
}

/*
 * Read the author-script file into an environment block, ready for use in
 * run_command(), that can be free()d afterwards.
 */
static char **read_author_script(void)
{
	struct strbuf script = STRBUF_INIT;
	int i, count = 0;
	char *p, *p2, **env;
	size_t env_size;

	if (strbuf_read_file(&script, rebase_path_author_script(), 256) <= 0)
		return NULL;

	for (p = script.buf; *p; p++)
		if (skip_prefix(p, "'\\\\''", (const char **)&p2))
			strbuf_splice(&script, p - script.buf, p2 - p, "'", 1);
		else if (*p == '\'')
			strbuf_splice(&script, p-- - script.buf, 1, "", 0);
		else if (*p == '\n') {
			*p = '\0';
			count++;
		}

	env_size = (count + 1) * sizeof(*env);
	strbuf_grow(&script, env_size);
	memmove(script.buf + env_size, script.buf, script.len);
	p = script.buf + env_size;
	env = (char **)strbuf_detach(&script, NULL);

	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		env[i] = p;
		p += strlen(p) + 1;
	}
	env[count] = NULL;

	return env;
}

static const char staged_changes_advice[] =
N_("you have staged changes in your working tree\n"
"If these changes are meant to be squashed into the previous commit, run:\n"
"\n"
"  git commit --amend %s\n"
"\n"
"If they are meant to go into a new commit, run:\n"
"\n"
"  git commit %s\n"
"\n"
"In both cases, once you're done, continue with:\n"
"\n"
"  git rebase --continue\n");

/*
 * If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
 * hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
 * author date and name.
 *
 * If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
 * we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
 *
 * An exception is when run_git_commit() is called during an
 * interactive rebase: in that case, we will want to retain the
 * author metadata.
 */
static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts,
			  int allow_empty, int edit, int amend,
			  int cleanup_commit_message)
{
	char **env = NULL;
	struct argv_array array;
	int rc;
	const char *value;

	if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
		env = read_author_script();
		if (!env) {
			const char *gpg_opt = gpg_sign_opt_quoted(opts);

			return error(_(staged_changes_advice),
				     gpg_opt, gpg_opt);
		}
	}

	argv_array_init(&array);
	argv_array_push(&array, "commit");
	argv_array_push(&array, "-n");

	if (amend)
		argv_array_push(&array, "--amend");
	if (opts->gpg_sign)
		argv_array_pushf(&array, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
	if (opts->signoff)
		argv_array_push(&array, "-s");
	if (defmsg)
		argv_array_pushl(&array, "-F", defmsg, NULL);
	if (cleanup_commit_message)
		argv_array_push(&array, "--cleanup=strip");
	if (edit)
		argv_array_push(&array, "-e");
	else if (!cleanup_commit_message &&
		 !opts->signoff && !opts->record_origin &&
		 git_config_get_value("commit.cleanup", &value))
		argv_array_push(&array, "--cleanup=verbatim");

	if (allow_empty)
		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty");

	if (opts->allow_empty_message)
		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty-message");

	rc = run_command_v_opt_cd_env(array.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD, NULL,
			(const char *const *)env);
	argv_array_clear(&array);
	free(env);

	return rc;
}

static int is_original_commit_empty(struct commit *commit)
{
	const unsigned char *ptree_sha1;

	if (parse_commit(commit))
		return error(_("could not parse commit %s\n"),
			     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
	if (commit->parents) {
		struct commit *parent = commit->parents->item;
		if (parse_commit(parent))
			return error(_("could not parse parent commit %s\n"),
				oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
		ptree_sha1 = parent->tree->object.oid.hash;
	} else {
		ptree_sha1 = EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN; /* commit is root */
	}

	return !hashcmp(ptree_sha1, commit->tree->object.oid.hash);
}

/*
 * Do we run "git commit" with "--allow-empty"?
 */
static int allow_empty(struct replay_opts *opts, struct commit *commit)
{
	int index_unchanged, empty_commit;

	/*
	 * Three cases:
	 *
	 * (1) we do not allow empty at all and error out.
	 *
	 * (2) we allow ones that were initially empty, but
	 * forbid the ones that become empty;
	 *
	 * (3) we allow both.
	 */
	if (!opts->allow_empty)
		return 0; /* let "git commit" barf as necessary */

	index_unchanged = is_index_unchanged();
	if (index_unchanged < 0)
		return index_unchanged;
	if (!index_unchanged)
		return 0; /* we do not have to say --allow-empty */

	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
		return 1;

	empty_commit = is_original_commit_empty(commit);
	if (empty_commit < 0)
		return empty_commit;
	if (!empty_commit)
		return 0;
	else
		return 1;
}

enum todo_command {
	TODO_PICK = 0,
	TODO_REVERT
};

static const char *todo_command_strings[] = {
	"pick",
	"revert"
};

static const char *command_to_string(const enum todo_command command)
{
	if ((size_t)command < ARRAY_SIZE(todo_command_strings))
		return todo_command_strings[command];
	die("Unknown command: %d", command);
}


static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
		struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	unsigned char head[20];
	struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
	const char *base_label, *next_label;
	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
	int res, unborn = 0, allow;

	if (opts->no_commit) {
		/*
		 * We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
		 * merge the differences in, so let's compute the tree
		 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
		 * to work on.
		 */
		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
			return error(_("your index file is unmerged."));
	} else {
		unborn = get_sha1("HEAD", head);
		if (unborn)
			hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
		if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD", 0, 0))
			return error_dirty_index(opts);
	}
	discard_cache();

	if (!commit->parents) {
		parent = NULL;
	}
	else if (commit->parents->next) {
		/* Reverting or cherry-picking a merge commit */
		int cnt;
		struct commit_list *p;

		if (!opts->mainline)
			return error(_("commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."),
				oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));

		for (cnt = 1, p = commit->parents;
		     cnt != opts->mainline && p;
		     cnt++)
			p = p->next;
		if (cnt != opts->mainline || !p)
			return error(_("commit %s does not have parent %d"),
				oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), opts->mainline);
		parent = p->item;
	} else if (0 < opts->mainline)
		return error(_("mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."),
			oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
	else
		parent = commit->parents->item;

	if (opts->allow_ff &&
	    ((parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.oid.hash, head)) ||
	     (!parent && unborn)))
		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.oid.hash, head, unborn, opts);

	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be a "todo" command like
		   "revert" or "pick", the second %s a SHA1. */
		return error(_("%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"),
			command_to_string(command),
			oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));

	if (get_message(commit, &msg) != 0)
		return error(_("cannot get commit message for %s"),
			oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));

	/*
	 * "commit" is an existing commit.  We would want to apply
	 * the difference it introduces since its first parent "prev"
	 * on top of the current HEAD if we are cherry-pick.  Or the
	 * reverse of it if we are revert.
	 */

	if (command == TODO_REVERT) {
		base = commit;
		base_label = msg.label;
		next = parent;
		next_label = msg.parent_label;
		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "Revert \"");
		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, msg.subject);
		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "\"\n\nThis reverts commit ");
		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));

		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ", reversing\nchanges made to ");
			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
		}
		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ".\n");
	} else {
		const char *p;

		base = parent;
		base_label = msg.parent_label;
		next = commit;
		next_label = msg.label;

		/*
		 * Append the commit log message to msgbuf; it starts
		 * after the tree, parent, author, committer
		 * information followed by "\n\n".
		 */
		p = strstr(msg.message, "\n\n");
		if (p)
			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, skip_blank_lines(p + 2));

		if (opts->record_origin) {
			if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
				strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
		}
	}

	if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "recursive") || command == TODO_REVERT) {
		res = do_recursive_merge(base, next, base_label, next_label,
					 head, &msgbuf, opts);
		if (res < 0)
			return res;
		res |= write_message(msgbuf.buf, msgbuf.len,
				     git_path_merge_msg(), 0);
	} else {
		struct commit_list *common = NULL;
		struct commit_list *remotes = NULL;

		res = write_message(msgbuf.buf, msgbuf.len,
				    git_path_merge_msg(), 0);

		commit_list_insert(base, &common);
		commit_list_insert(next, &remotes);
		res |= try_merge_command(opts->strategy,
					 opts->xopts_nr, (const char **)opts->xopts,
					common, sha1_to_hex(head), remotes);
		free_commit_list(common);
		free_commit_list(remotes);
	}
	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);

	/*
	 * If the merge was clean or if it failed due to conflict, we write
	 * CHERRY_PICK_HEAD for the subsequent invocation of commit to use.
	 * However, if the merge did not even start, then we don't want to
	 * write it at all.
	 */
	if (command == TODO_PICK && !opts->no_commit && (res == 0 || res == 1) &&
	    update_ref(NULL, "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", commit->object.oid.hash, NULL,
		       REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR))
		res = -1;
	if (command == TODO_REVERT && ((opts->no_commit && res == 0) || res == 1) &&
	    update_ref(NULL, "REVERT_HEAD", commit->object.oid.hash, NULL,
		       REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR))
		res = -1;

	if (res) {
		error(command == TODO_REVERT
		      ? _("could not revert %s... %s")
		      : _("could not apply %s... %s"),
		      short_commit_name(commit), msg.subject);
		print_advice(res == 1, opts);
		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
		goto leave;
	}

	allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
	if (allow < 0) {
		res = allow;
		goto leave;
	}
	if (!opts->no_commit)
		res = run_git_commit(opts->edit ? NULL : git_path_merge_msg(),
				     opts, allow, opts->edit, 0, 0);

leave:
	free_message(commit, &msg);

	return res;
}

static int prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	/*
	 * picking (but not reverting) ranges (but not individual revisions)
	 * should be done in reverse
	 */
	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK && !opts->revs->no_walk)
		opts->revs->reverse ^= 1;

	if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
		return error(_("revision walk setup failed"));

	if (!opts->revs->commits)
		return error(_("empty commit set passed"));
	return 0;
}

static int read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	static struct lock_file index_lock;
	int index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
	if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
		return error(_("git %s: failed to read the index"),
			_(action_name(opts)));
	}
	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
	if (the_index.cache_changed && index_fd >= 0) {
		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
			rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
			return error(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"),
				_(action_name(opts)));
		}
	}
	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
	return 0;
}

struct todo_item {
	enum todo_command command;
	struct commit *commit;
	const char *arg;
	int arg_len;
	size_t offset_in_buf;
};

struct todo_list {
	struct strbuf buf;
	struct todo_item *items;
	int nr, alloc, current;
};

#define TODO_LIST_INIT { STRBUF_INIT }

static void todo_list_release(struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
	strbuf_release(&todo_list->buf);
	free(todo_list->items);
	todo_list->items = NULL;
	todo_list->nr = todo_list->alloc = 0;
}

static struct todo_item *append_new_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
	ALLOC_GROW(todo_list->items, todo_list->nr + 1, todo_list->alloc);
	return todo_list->items + todo_list->nr++;
}

static int parse_insn_line(struct todo_item *item, const char *bol, char *eol)
{
	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
	char *end_of_object_name;
	int i, saved, status, padding;

	/* left-trim */
	bol += strspn(bol, " \t");

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(todo_command_strings); i++)
		if (skip_prefix(bol, todo_command_strings[i], &bol)) {
			item->command = i;
			break;
		}
	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(todo_command_strings))
		return -1;

	/* Eat up extra spaces/ tabs before object name */
	padding = strspn(bol, " \t");
	if (!padding)
		return -1;
	bol += padding;

	end_of_object_name = (char *) bol + strcspn(bol, " \t\n");
	saved = *end_of_object_name;
	*end_of_object_name = '\0';
	status = get_sha1(bol, commit_sha1);
	*end_of_object_name = saved;

	item->arg = end_of_object_name + strspn(end_of_object_name, " \t");
	item->arg_len = (int)(eol - item->arg);

	if (status < 0)
		return -1;

	item->commit = lookup_commit_reference(commit_sha1);
	return !item->commit;
}

static int parse_insn_buffer(char *buf, struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
	struct todo_item *item;
	char *p = buf, *next_p;
	int i, res = 0;

	for (i = 1; *p; i++, p = next_p) {
		char *eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');

		next_p = *eol ? eol + 1 /* skip LF */ : eol;

		if (p != eol && eol[-1] == '\r')
			eol--; /* strip Carriage Return */

		item = append_new_todo(todo_list);
		item->offset_in_buf = p - todo_list->buf.buf;
		if (parse_insn_line(item, p, eol)) {
			res = error(_("invalid line %d: %.*s"),
				i, (int)(eol - p), p);
			item->command = -1;
		}
	}
	if (!todo_list->nr)
		return error(_("no commits parsed."));
	return res;
}

static int read_populate_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list,
			struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	const char *todo_file = get_todo_path(opts);
	int fd, res;

	strbuf_reset(&todo_list->buf);
	fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
	if (strbuf_read(&todo_list->buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
		close(fd);
		return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
	}
	close(fd);

	res = parse_insn_buffer(todo_list->buf.buf, todo_list);
	if (res)
		return error(_("unusable instruction sheet: '%s'"), todo_file);

	if (!is_rebase_i(opts)) {
		enum todo_command valid =
			opts->action == REPLAY_PICK ? TODO_PICK : TODO_REVERT;
		int i;

		for (i = 0; i < todo_list->nr; i++)
			if (valid == todo_list->items[i].command)
				continue;
			else if (valid == TODO_PICK)
				return error(_("cannot cherry-pick during a revert."));
			else
				return error(_("cannot revert during a cherry-pick."));
	}

	return 0;
}

static int git_config_string_dup(char **dest,
				 const char *var, const char *value)
{
	if (!value)
		return config_error_nonbool(var);
	free(*dest);
	*dest = xstrdup(value);
	return 0;
}

static int populate_opts_cb(const char *key, const char *value, void *data)
{
	struct replay_opts *opts = data;
	int error_flag = 1;

	if (!value)
		error_flag = 0;
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.no-commit"))
		opts->no_commit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.edit"))
		opts->edit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.signoff"))
		opts->signoff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.record-origin"))
		opts->record_origin = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.allow-ff"))
		opts->allow_ff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.mainline"))
		opts->mainline = git_config_int(key, value);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy"))
		git_config_string_dup(&opts->strategy, key, value);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.gpg-sign"))
		git_config_string_dup(&opts->gpg_sign, key, value);
	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy-option")) {
		ALLOC_GROW(opts->xopts, opts->xopts_nr + 1, opts->xopts_alloc);
		opts->xopts[opts->xopts_nr++] = xstrdup(value);
	} else
		return error(_("invalid key: %s"), key);

	if (!error_flag)
		return error(_("invalid value for %s: %s"), key, value);

	return 0;
}

static int read_populate_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

		if (read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_gpg_sign_opt(), 1)) {
			if (!starts_with(buf.buf, "-S"))
				strbuf_reset(&buf);
			else {
				free(opts->gpg_sign);
				opts->gpg_sign = xstrdup(buf.buf + 2);
			}
		}
		strbuf_release(&buf);

		return 0;
	}

	if (!file_exists(git_path_opts_file()))
		return 0;
	/*
	 * The function git_parse_source(), called from git_config_from_file(),
	 * may die() in case of a syntactically incorrect file. We do not care
	 * about this case, though, because we wrote that file ourselves, so we
	 * are pretty certain that it is syntactically correct.
	 */
	if (git_config_from_file(populate_opts_cb, git_path_opts_file(), opts) < 0)
		return error(_("malformed options sheet: '%s'"),
			git_path_opts_file());
	return 0;
}

static int walk_revs_populate_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list,
				struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	enum todo_command command = opts->action == REPLAY_PICK ?
		TODO_PICK : TODO_REVERT;
	const char *command_string = todo_command_strings[command];
	struct commit *commit;

	if (prepare_revs(opts))
		return -1;

	while ((commit = get_revision(opts->revs))) {
		struct todo_item *item = append_new_todo(todo_list);
		const char *commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
		const char *subject;
		int subject_len;

		item->command = command;
		item->commit = commit;
		item->arg = NULL;
		item->arg_len = 0;
		item->offset_in_buf = todo_list->buf.len;
		subject_len = find_commit_subject(commit_buffer, &subject);
		strbuf_addf(&todo_list->buf, "%s %s %.*s\n", command_string,
			short_commit_name(commit), subject_len, subject);
		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, commit_buffer);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int create_seq_dir(void)
{
	if (file_exists(git_path_seq_dir())) {
		error(_("a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"));
		advise(_("try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""));
		return -1;
	}
	else if (mkdir(git_path_seq_dir(), 0777) < 0)
		return error_errno(_("could not create sequencer directory '%s'"),
				   git_path_seq_dir());
	return 0;
}

static int save_head(const char *head)
{
	static struct lock_file head_lock;
	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
	int fd;

	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&head_lock, git_path_head_file(), 0);
	if (fd < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
		return error_errno(_("could not lock HEAD"));
	}
	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", head);
	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
		return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"),
				   git_path_head_file());
	}
	if (commit_lock_file(&head_lock) < 0) {
		rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
		return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), git_path_head_file());
	}
	return 0;
}

static int reset_for_rollback(const unsigned char *sha1)
{
	const char *argv[4];	/* reset --merge <arg> + NULL */
	argv[0] = "reset";
	argv[1] = "--merge";
	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
	argv[3] = NULL;
	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
}

static int rollback_single_pick(void)
{
	unsigned char head_sha1[20];

	if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) &&
	    !file_exists(git_path_revert_head()))
		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
	if (read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, NULL))
		return error(_("cannot resolve HEAD"));
	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
		return error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
	return reset_for_rollback(head_sha1);
}

int sequencer_rollback(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	FILE *f;
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

	f = fopen(git_path_head_file(), "r");
	if (!f && errno == ENOENT) {
		/*
		 * There is no multiple-cherry-pick in progress.
		 * If CHERRY_PICK_HEAD or REVERT_HEAD indicates
		 * a single-cherry-pick in progress, abort that.
		 */
		return rollback_single_pick();
	}
	if (!f)
		return error_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), git_path_head_file());
	if (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, f)) {
		error(_("cannot read '%s': %s"), git_path_head_file(),
		      ferror(f) ?  strerror(errno) : _("unexpected end of file"));
		fclose(f);
		goto fail;
	}
	fclose(f);
	if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) || buf.buf[40] != '\0') {
		error(_("stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"),
			git_path_head_file());
		goto fail;
	}
	if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
		error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
		goto fail;
	}
	if (reset_for_rollback(sha1))
		goto fail;
	strbuf_release(&buf);
	return sequencer_remove_state(opts);
fail:
	strbuf_release(&buf);
	return -1;
}

static int save_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	static struct lock_file todo_lock;
	const char *todo_path = get_todo_path(opts);
	int next = todo_list->current, offset, fd;

	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&todo_lock, todo_path, 0);
	if (fd < 0)
		return error_errno(_("could not lock '%s'"), todo_path);
	offset = next < todo_list->nr ?
		todo_list->items[next].offset_in_buf : todo_list->buf.len;
	if (write_in_full(fd, todo_list->buf.buf + offset,
			todo_list->buf.len - offset) < 0)
		return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), todo_path);
	if (commit_lock_file(&todo_lock) < 0)
		return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), todo_path);
	return 0;
}

static int save_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	const char *opts_file = git_path_opts_file();
	int res = 0;

	if (opts->no_commit)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.no-commit", "true");
	if (opts->edit)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.edit", "true");
	if (opts->signoff)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.signoff", "true");
	if (opts->record_origin)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.record-origin", "true");
	if (opts->allow_ff)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.allow-ff", "true");
	if (opts->mainline) {
		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%d", opts->mainline);
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.mainline", buf.buf);
		strbuf_release(&buf);
	}
	if (opts->strategy)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.strategy", opts->strategy);
	if (opts->gpg_sign)
		res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.gpg-sign", opts->gpg_sign);
	if (opts->xopts) {
		int i;
		for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
			res |= git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(opts_file,
							"options.strategy-option",
							opts->xopts[i], "^$", 0);
	}
	return res;
}

static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	int res;

	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
	if (opts->allow_ff)
		assert(!(opts->signoff || opts->no_commit ||
				opts->record_origin || opts->edit));
	if (read_and_refresh_cache(opts))
		return -1;

	while (todo_list->current < todo_list->nr) {
		struct todo_item *item = todo_list->items + todo_list->current;
		if (save_todo(todo_list, opts))
			return -1;
		res = do_pick_commit(item->command, item->commit, opts);
		todo_list->current++;
		if (res)
			return res;
	}

	/*
	 * Sequence of picks finished successfully; cleanup by
	 * removing the .git/sequencer directory
	 */
	return sequencer_remove_state(opts);
}

static int continue_single_pick(void)
{
	const char *argv[] = { "commit", NULL };

	if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) &&
	    !file_exists(git_path_revert_head()))
		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
	return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
}

int sequencer_continue(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
	int res;

	if (read_and_refresh_cache(opts))
		return -1;

	if (!file_exists(get_todo_path(opts)))
		return continue_single_pick();
	if (read_populate_opts(opts))
		return -1;
	if ((res = read_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts)))
		goto release_todo_list;

	/* Verify that the conflict has been resolved */
	if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) ||
	    file_exists(git_path_revert_head())) {
		res = continue_single_pick();
		if (res)
			goto release_todo_list;
	}
	if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0, 0)) {
		res = error_dirty_index(opts);
		goto release_todo_list;
	}
	todo_list.current++;
	res = pick_commits(&todo_list, opts);
release_todo_list:
	todo_list_release(&todo_list);
	return res;
}

static int single_pick(struct commit *cmit, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
	return do_pick_commit(opts->action == REPLAY_PICK ?
		TODO_PICK : TODO_REVERT, cmit, opts);
}

int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
	struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
	unsigned char sha1[20];
	int i, res;

	assert(opts->revs);
	if (read_and_refresh_cache(opts))
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
		unsigned char sha1[20];
		const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;

		/* This happens when using --stdin. */
		if (!strlen(name))
			continue;

		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
			if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) {
				enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
				return error(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"),
					name, typename(type));
			}
		} else
			return error(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
	}

	/*
	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
	 * REVERT_HEAD, and don't touch the sequencer state.
	 * This means it is possible to cherry-pick in the middle
	 * of a cherry-pick sequence.
	 */
	if (opts->revs->cmdline.nr == 1 &&
	    opts->revs->cmdline.rev->whence == REV_CMD_REV &&
	    opts->revs->no_walk &&
	    !opts->revs->cmdline.rev->flags) {
		struct commit *cmit;
		if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
			return error(_("revision walk setup failed"));
		cmit = get_revision(opts->revs);
		if (!cmit || get_revision(opts->revs))
			return error("BUG: expected exactly one commit from walk");
		return single_pick(cmit, opts);
	}

	/*
	 * Start a new cherry-pick/ revert sequence; but
	 * first, make sure that an existing one isn't in
	 * progress
	 */

	if (walk_revs_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts) ||
			create_seq_dir() < 0)
		return -1;
	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) && (opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT))
		return error(_("can't revert as initial commit"));
	if (save_head(sha1_to_hex(sha1)))
		return -1;
	if (save_opts(opts))
		return -1;
	res = pick_commits(&todo_list, opts);
	todo_list_release(&todo_list);
	return res;
}

void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
{
	unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
	struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
	int has_footer;

	strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
	strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
				getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
	strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');

	/*
	 * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
	 * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
	 */
	if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
	    !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
		has_footer = 3;
	else
		has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);

	if (!has_footer) {
		const char *append_newlines = NULL;
		size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;

		if (!len) {
			/*
			 * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
			 * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
			 */
			append_newlines = "\n\n";
		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 1] != '\n') {
			/*
			 * Incomplete line.  Complete the line and add a
			 * blank one so that there is an empty line between
			 * the message body and the sob.
			 */
			append_newlines = "\n\n";
		} else if (len == 1) {
			/*
			 * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
			 * so that we leave room for the title and body.
			 */
			append_newlines = "\n";
		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
			/*
			 * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
			 * so that there is an empty line between the message
			 * body and the sob.
			 */
			append_newlines = "\n";
		} /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */

		if (append_newlines)
			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
				append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
	}

	if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
				sob.buf, sob.len);

	strbuf_release(&sob);
}