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130fcca63f
- "git commit" without _any_ parameter keeps the traditional
behaviour. It commits the current index.
We commit the whole index even when this form is run from a
subdirectory.
- "git commit --include paths..." (or "git commit -i paths...")
is equivalent to:
git update-index --remove paths...
git commit
- "git commit paths..." acquires a new semantics. This is an
incompatible change that needs user training, which I am
still a bit reluctant to swallow, but enough people seem to
have complained that it is confusing to them. It
1. refuses to run if $GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD exists, and reminds
trained git users that the traditional semantics now needs
-i flag.
2. refuses to run if named paths... are different in HEAD and
the index (ditto about reminding). Added paths are OK.
3. reads HEAD commit into a temporary index file.
4. updates named paths... from the working tree in this
temporary index.
5. does the same updates of the paths... from the working
tree to the real index.
6. makes a commit using the temporary index that has the
current HEAD as the parent, and updates the HEAD with this
new commit.
- "git commit --all" can run from a subdirectory, but it updates
the index with all the modified files and does a whole tree
commit.
- In all cases, when the command decides not to create a new
commit, the index is left as it was before the command is
run. This means that the two "git diff" in the following
sequence:
$ git diff
$ git commit -a
$ git diff
would show the same diff if you abort the commit process by
making the commit log message empty.
This commit also introduces much requested --author option.
$ git commit --author 'A U Thor <author@example.com>'
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
138 lines
4.2 KiB
Text
138 lines
4.2 KiB
Text
git-commit(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-commit - Record your changes
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git-commit' [-a] [-i] [-s] [-v] [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg>]
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[-e] [--author <author>] [--] <file>...
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Updates the index file for given paths, or all modified files if
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'-a' is specified, and makes a commit object. The command
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VISUAL and EDITOR environment variables to edit the commit log
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message.
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This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
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`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
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information.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-a|--all::
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Update all paths in the index file. This flag notices
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files that have been modified and deleted, but new files
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you have not told git about are not affected.
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-c or -C <commit>::
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Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message
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and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
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when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not
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invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit
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message.
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-F <file>::
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Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
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read the message from the standard input.
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--author <author>::
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Override the author name used in the commit. Use
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`A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.
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-m <msg>::
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Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
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-s|--signoff::
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Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
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-v|--verify::
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Look for suspicious lines the commit introduces, and
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abort committing if there is one. The definition of
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'suspicious lines' is currently the lines that has
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trailing whitespaces, and the lines whose indentation
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has a SP character immediately followed by a TAB
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character. This is the default.
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-n|--no-verify::
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The opposite of `--verify`.
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-e|--edit::
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The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
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`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
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commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
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further edit the message taken from these sources.
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-i|--include::
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Instead of committing only the files specified on the
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command line, update them in the index file and then
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commit the whole index. This is the traditional
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behaviour.
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--::
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Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
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<file>...::
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Commit only the files specified on the command line.
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This format cannot be used during a merge, nor when the
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index and the latest commit does not match on the
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specified paths to avoid confusion.
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If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after
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that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1].
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Discussion
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----------
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`git commit` without _any_ parameter commits the tree structure
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recorded by the current index file. This is a whole-tree commit
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even the command is invoked from a subdirectory.
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`git commit --include paths...` is equivalent to
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git update-index --remove paths...
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git commit
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That is, update the specified paths to the index and then commit
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the whole tree.
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`git commit paths...` largely bypasses the index file and
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commits only the changes made to the specified paths. It has
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however several safety valves to prevent confusion.
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. It refuses to run during a merge (i.e. when
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`$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD` exists), and reminds trained git users
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that the traditional semantics now needs -i flag.
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. It refuses to run if named `paths...` are different in HEAD
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and the index (ditto about reminding). Added paths are OK.
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This is because an earlier `git diff` (not `git diff HEAD`)
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would have shown the differences since the last `git
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update-index paths...` to the user, and an inexperienced user
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may mistakenly think that the changes between the index and
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the HEAD (i.e. earlier changes made before the last `git
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update-index paths...` was done) are not being committed.
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. It reads HEAD commit into a temporary index file, updates the
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specified `paths...` and makes a commit. At the same time,
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the real index file is also updated with the same `paths...`.
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`git commit --all` updates the index file with _all_ changes to
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the working tree, and makes a whole-tree commit, regardless of
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which subdirectory the command is invoked in.
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Author
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------
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
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Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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GIT
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---
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Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
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